How the SKA is helping South Africa
Northern Cape towns benefit from one of the world’s largest astronomy projects
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project in the Northern Cape is not only about building a radio telescope to tune into the universe. It is also about investing in bright young scientists, local communities, and South African technology companies.
Over R300 million has been spent in the Northern Cape with the construction of the KAT-7, a proof-of-concept radio telescope, and MeerKAT, the precursor to the SKA. The South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) spearheads South Africa’s activities within the SKA, an international project.
In 2005 the SARAO funded nine students to study in science. Last year it was 103. Altogether 1,000 students have received grants to study science and engineering – from graduate degrees to post-doctoral studies.
Anton Binneman of SARAO said the project was most involved in Williston, Carnarvon, Vanwyksvlei and Brandvlei. But Vosburg, Loxton, Swartkop, and Fraserburg are also benefitting. There are over 20,000 people in all of these small towns.
Binneman told GroundUp: “The social problems in rural towns in South Africa are a massive challenge and a project like the SKA will not solve all these problems immediately. In the towns we are working in the difference is evident.
“SKA is currently employing 100 people with full-time positions in Carnarvon and the organisation is spending substantial amounts of money in these communities.”
Some of the latest figures are: R136 million spent with local contractors for the construction of MeerKAT; R162 million on salaries in the Northern Cape; R3 million on local catering and accommodation, R4 million on local transport and R5 million on materials from local suppliers for the equipment for the construction of the HERA telescope.
MeerKAT, KAT-7 and related projects created nearly 8,000 jobs. Over 100 local women were directly employed by SARAO between 2015 and 2017 and nearly 1,300 by subcontractors.
A technical training centre was established in Carnarvon to train young adults in various artisan fields. Daphne Lekgwathi of SARAO said 84 students have been trained as electricians, fitters and turners, in instrumentation, diesel mechanics, in IT and boiler making, as well as in carpentry, plumbing, bricklaying and welding,
“There is nothing more gratifying than to change someone else’s life for the better,” she said.
There is also a schools programme – which focuses on maths and science. Learners from schools in these towns who are interested in maths, physical science and natural science and who perform well in these subjects can apply to become part of the bursary programme. Since 2011, 72 local learners have received bursaries to study at technical colleges and 15 at universities.
SARAO has also appointed two maths teachers and one physical science teacher at Carnarvon High School.
There are three cyber labs and two libraries with internet access in local communities, supplied by SARAO.
Investment in SA and African students
Kim de Boer, who runs SARAO’s human capital development programme, told GroundUp that from 2005 to 2018, the organisation had spent about R455 million on grant funding.
Of the 1,054 students who have received study grants, 802 are from South Africa, 176 are from other African countries, and 76 are from other countries. The African countries include the SKA partner countries which are Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia and Zambia.
Mika Harisetry Rafieferantsoa recently got his PhD in astrophysics from the University of the Western Cape. He is from Mauritius.
It’s an exciting time to be an astrophysicist, he said. South Africa’s MeerKAT radio telescope is set to deliver unprecedented views into the nature of galaxies. Rafieferantsoa is working on simulations that will interpret the huge amount of data the telescope will collect. “The quality of images from the MeerKAT array is unprecedented and crazy good - and who knows how insane it will be with the SKA?” he says.
“I am a human being,” Rafieferantsoa says. “That means I am curious and I am always in search of a way to satisfy that curiosity. It also means I’m part of a social species, and a thriving society, where every member is important. So I see myself contributing to the wellbeing of society in the years to come, in whatever field that might be.”
Professor Justin Jonas, also at SARAO, points out that working in astronomy could be viewed as a more benevolent option to the apartheid era imperative to develop technologies for the armaments industry, and indeed many of the MeerKAT engineering team have migrated from that sector.
The needs of the SKA and MeerKAT are also pushing the limits of current technology. Local companies working on the projects are developing a “a competitive edge in the high-tech market”, says Jonas.
Students from the Nico Bekker Intermediate School in Williston recently participated in the First Lego League Competition, which was held in Carnarvon, Northern Cape. Photo: SARAO
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